Friday, October 25, 2013
The Role of the Übermensch
Nietzsche establishes what seems to be almost a fantasy based grounding for morals in the Slave and Noble morality systems. The almost stereotypically Nobles are strong, beautiful, and in many ways the epitome of Kant’s Categorical Imperative in their treatment of fellow Nobles if not towards the slaves. The Slaves on the other hand are devious, weak both physically and fundamentally. This weakness leads them to, instead of accepting their own innate weakness, instead shift blame towards the Nobles. This demonization of the Nobles is according to Nietzsche the greatest reason for the fall of Noble Philosophy. It is with this shift that the Slaves establish the separation of action and self. This creates the idea of guilt and then by extension the institution of justice. So unfolds our entire modern system of thought and ideology.
However Nietzsche after explaining the genealogy of our current moral system goes on to explain that eventually the Slave mentality will be so thoroughly adopted that eventually all humans become “sheep” and vulnerable. This will lead to rise of a new Master or Übermensch part of Society who will imbibe both the strength of purpose of the Nobles and the Soul and understanding of the Slaves. However my questions are what form will such a person take and how will he fit into modern society?
By Nietzsche’s own description these people will take the form of god’s amongst men. Their sense of direction and purpose coupled with reason and understanding will allow them to dominate society. Will they be society’s caretakers or conquers though?
Under no circumstances would such a society take the form that readers such as Hitler envisioned it. The whole of society initially was dependent on the relationship between Noble and Slave and then upon the transition from the Noble mentality to the Slave. The two groups are dependent upon each other so in likelihood the relationship between the Slaves and the Übermensch would be simply another transition. Eventually the Übermensch would form the whole of society and the Slave system would die a natural death as opposed to its extermination as attempted by Hitler. At this point according to Nietzsche society will have reached perfection and the morality of man would have reached its endpoint.
Such a society is hard to envision. There are always those who would refuse to conform to such a system and how is society to deal with them? Nietzsche argues for the gradual acceptance of a society as a given fact, but is it? Finally with the implication of such a society, can its members still be referred to as human?
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As to your final question, the way you use the word "human" here is just to vague for a particularly strong argument to be made one way or the other. Strictly speaking, of course they can be referred to as "human," as it is what they are, but the implication is that the word "human" means something else. Therefor, anyone answering this has to first arrive at, knowingly or not, a definition of what constitutes being "human," and work off of that. As a result, everyone can only make conclusions in the form of implications (if this, then this). To be fair, much of philosophy is somewhat like this due to the fact that there is no way for humans in general to arrive at this first part of the implication of a fact, but I feel that a stricter definition of terms can simplify, if not do away with entirely, many seemingly complicated questions. (Oops that ended up sounding rather 'rant-y', but you get my point I hope.)
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