Thursday, September 5, 2013
Morality in Breaking Bad (No spoilers don't worry)
Breaking Bad is, of course, the hit T.V show on AMC that is wrapping up its final season. If you haven’t been watching, shame, but I’ll try and make this post accessible to everyone. Breaking Bad is full of issues of morality and character that continue and progress throughout the series. However, that would take a whole semester to discuss so I’ll start at the beginning so not to ruin the show for everyone. Almost all of the below discussion can be pulled from the first episode.
In basic, Walter White, a fifty year old chemistry teacher decides to “break bad” and make crystal meth after he discovers he has inoperable lung cancer. Driven by many motivations, initially the strongest one is the desire to leave money for his family. Working two jobs to make ends meet for his teenage son, Walt Jr. and pregnant wife, Skyler, he fears for their financial security if he dies. On top of all this, his health insurance will not cover his treatments. Walter runs into an old student, Jesse, who knows some of the meth business and decides to make his family money before he dies.
Obviously if you have watched the show you will know his motivations and moral problems get exponentially more complex, however for those who wish to watch the show I’ll focus on the beginning. What do we think about Walter’s initial decision to "break bad"?
Clearly he has an applaudable dedication to his family and children at this point. However, is there, as Aristotle would say, a mean for dedication to family? When you are so dedicated to your family that you begin to hurt the rest of the community should that make you stop? I think that part of the attractiveness of cooking meth is that you never have to see the affects of the drug you produce, you are removed from the consequences. Walter rarely has to see the addicts whose lives have been ruined by the drug he produces. He does not care where the money comes from, as long as the money flows.
This is, of course, assuming that Walter is choosing between two moral wrongs here: leaving his family destitute when he had the power to change that, and profiting off making crystal meth. Some people may argue, including Walter at times, that making meth is not a moral wrong in and of itself, after all you are merely selling a service to rational people making the decision to buy your product. Walt’s meth, in fact, is arguably doing a service to meth users everywhere because of it’s quality and lack of contamination. However, the counterargument is that meth clearly is an extremely harmful and addictive substance. Addicts clearly do not have control over their desire for it and the people who make and distribute meth are taking advantage of the poor decisions and subsequent powerlessness of otherwise innocent people.
But even conceding that making crystal meth is wrong, is it the lesser evil in this instance? Walter makes a pure meth, safer than most on the street and arguably meth will be made and consumed anyway. His intention initially is only to not leave his family destitute and support them after his death, a kind of twisted martyrdom. Clearly, I sympathize with Walter’s initial decision even if I am not saying it was the right choice. The show vividly shows the slippery slope that comes after making this initial decision to "break bad". But Walter faces a dilemma at the beginning of the show, leave his family poor when he had power to change that or make a harmful substance illegally.
Comments? Objections? Snide Remarks?
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I think there are a lot of ways one can interpret Walter's initial decision to cook meth. When looking to Plato, we could see Walt as almost having the invisible ring: he has been diagnosed with cancer, believes he will die soon, thus he will not suffer the normal set of consequences one would expect. Due to the lack of consequences, he would obviously see the gain of providing for his family as outweighing anything else.
ReplyDeleteBut approaching it in a non-consequentialist way, the question has to be: is making meth immoral in and of itself. If we leave legality aside (in that it is illegal to make meth, and breaking the law may be immoral) I think the comparisons we can make to other dangerous things shows us that making meth may not be immoral in itself. There are plenty of legal producers of things that damage society: guns, cigarettes, alcohol, etc. The alternative argument of course is that meth is far more dangerous than these things or that these things have some sort of gain that meth doesn't. I think the comparison is very valid though: meth is a substance people choose to take. If we look at only that, I think it is a valid interpretation to say that making meth in and of itself is not an unjust action.
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ReplyDeleteI'm so glad that somebody brought up Breaking Bad. I know a lot of people, at least of those I know, hold low opinions of the show so I didn't say anything about it in class (meanwhile bringing up Star Trek wasn't a good idea either); however, I think Breaking Bad offers scenarios that prompt the audience to rethink the characters' moral values as well as that of their own. This is what I like about the show, regardless of its deficiencies in treating female characters etc.(which is surely condemnable).
So much for the praise-singing; the question here is that if choosing two moral wrongs: leaving the family to bleak financial situation and that of breaking the law, which one is the more virtuous action?
This question in the context of Breaking Bad may constitute a false dilemma. Walter in fact has other ways of leaving his family in better financial situations. For example, he could in fact ignore all of Skyler's pleads for him to get expensive chemo and kill himself before deciding to make meth (a stoic might applaud him for his courageous suicide).
Nonetheless, Breaking Bad is an interesting example for Ethics. The sympathy of viewers, such as that of Matt, is torn in different directions. Walt has cancer and he has a son with disabilities, so should we feel more sympathetic for him and use his adverse circumstances to justify his law-breaking? Aristotle would say no. Happiness, for Aristotle, is an activity of the soul expressing human virtue (33). Walt certainly has the ability within his soul to be law-abiding, as he has demonstrated in his pre-cancer life; however the action of cooking meth does not make him happy because Aristotle insists that Happiness is not the good of an individual, but that of the political entity. Walter's breaking the law does not make him a happy person since he breaks the law out of desire for egotistic good and nor that for the public good.
Does law-abiding have an intermediate? Law-abiding is not a virtue in itself such as courage is, therefore it has an intermediate state. Walt, throughout the series, moves more and more to a negative extreme state of law-abiding and makes a habit of these non-virtuous actions. At the same time, Walter moves to the extreme of carelessness for other humans. Both of these changes in Walt's habits make him less and less virtuous as a person.
P.S.
Following are some of the reasons I say Walt makes meth for egotistic good: He wants to leave money for his family because he thinks of himself as the "man" of the household and yet have not been able to "provide", at least not in the way he had imagined to when he was young (Season 3 ep 1). Making lots of money before death serves to satisfy his emotions/feelings of shame in lack of accomplishment. In addition, we consider family as a unit and if Walt acts for the good of the family then we could argue that he is acting for an egotistic good.
I find it hard to analyze Walt's initial choice to 'break bad' without bringing up Gray Matters. I'll try to avoid massive spoilers, but in his youth Walt had the opportunity to be a large part of a company that would go on to be worth billions, but he dropped out and sold his share for a measly 5000 dollars. This choice to drop Grey Matters haunted Walt throughout his adult life, and plays a huge part in the choices he makes in the show, as he feels he was robbed from the rich and lavish life he believes he earned. With this in mind, I think that Walt's initial greed was already roaring when the opportunity to cook was presented to him. Walt cares about his family, but I think he uses them to justify his actions. I think you are right that Walter does not care about the meth addicts, he has a habit of calling Jesse a "worthless junkie", which shows his opinion on the people who are using his product. It is obvious though that he feels a massive amount of pride that his meth is of the highest quality, and this might be another justifier for him, that his actions are excusable because his meth isn't contaminated with outside substances and it isn't harming his users in any additional way. Walt looks for different ways to excuse himself from his actions, but he has long ago ran out of excuses and it is clear that Walt is a very very bad person, and that his greed has been a part of his decisions since the beginning.
ReplyDeleteI think that Walter's decision to start selling meth is a selfish one, even though its something that we can relate to and see as a good. Even if he is only a dealer and isn't directly hurting the people by selling it right to him, he is still providing a service that negatively affects people. I liked Briana's point about saving money on the chemo and thought that it raises some interesting ethical dilemmas about suicide that I'm sure people could talk about for hours. But I also think that the legality issue that Andrea mentions needs to be put into play. Aristotle is talking about creating a society, and with society comes laws and rules that everyone who wants to participate in the society needs to follow by. When people start "breaking bad" and going off on their own to do what they want because they feel like it is right, it causes a whole lot of issues no matter how moral people think that their reasons are. Though it might have been difficult I think that he should have found an alternative method to support his family and provide for them after he died.
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ReplyDeleteI think an incredibly important part of the show, as well as an overarching question that viewers are forced to ask themselves, is at what particular time did Walter voluntarily "break bad." Many would hastily say that the answer is when he decided to cook methamphetamine to turn profit for the first time. However, like you posted, there is a certain sense of admiration that we have for the protagonist in doing these illegal activities for his family. In the beginning, his ends DO justify the means; while the act of cooking meth is morally reprehensible, the noble purpose of supporting his family appear to outweigh the dangers of the drug culture, as well the harm that the blue crystal has on the users, like the majority of other illicit narcotics. However, as the series progresses, we see the deconstruction of Walter as a genuinely good guy who has to do taboo actions for a noble cause. At first, demonstrates qualities of a noble person: love, courage, justice. Over time, though, we can see that while he had these moderate characteristics, they rapidly become excessive as his intentions change. His initial goal to satisfy his family's monetary needs when he dies turns into a greedy thirst for more. His brave actions in the first season (the standoff with Tuco comes to mind-- while some would say it was completely reckless, you could argue that it was more brave than anything) becomes tainted with the knowledge that he has turned darker, broken bad (the "I am the one who knocks" speech is a great example of this).
ReplyDeleteThat's a pretty interesting point you brought up about the drug being safer than the other product being passed around. In my mind, I always thought of the incredibly high percentage of non-contaminants would just mean that it would get the users higher, rather than a safer high. If you see it in that light, you could see him as doing a good thing to the meth-abusers.
- Harrison Martin